Osteoarthritis and your cat

Osteoarthritis (OA), or degenerative joint disease, is a common condition of cats. The condition involves cartilage degeneration in one or more joints resulting in pain and stiffness. Older cats are most commonly affected. It is thought that until recently many cases of OA in cats were going unrecognised. Advances in the awareness of the condition amongst vets and owners have resulted in more cases being diagnosed and treated.

What is the cause of osteoarthritis?

In a normal joint a smooth layer of cartilage covers the bone surfaces where they meet. This in addition to lubricating joint fluid allows the smooth movement of surfaces against each other in the joint. In osteoarthritis the cartilage wears away exposing the bone, which results in discomfort and allows continued damage to take place.

Factors that can contribute to the development of osteoarthritis include:

• Age – cartilage will degenerate with age
• Weight – obesity can make the condition worse
• Injury – fractures or other injury may result in deterioration of a joint
• Genetics – certain breeds of cat may be prone to arthritis

How do I know if my cat has osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis in cats can be difficult to recognise as they are not normally taken on walks, they do not demonstrate the obvious signs of pain and they are relatively small and athletic allowing them to hide mobility difficulties. The most commonly reported signs of osteoarthritis include:

• Reluctance to jump – onto furniture, laps etc.
• Reduced activity – less hunting, more sleeping etc.
• A change in temperament – less tolerant of children, handling etc.
• Poor coat condition – due to less grooming
• An unusual ‘stiff’ gait

Diagnosis of osteoarthritis

Diagnosis of osteoarthritis in cats will involve a physical examination where your vet will palpate the joints and evaluate the range of movement in your cat’s joints. X-rays can help to confirm the presence of arthritis and further tests may be suggested such as sampling the joint fluid.

Management of the arthritic cat

• Medical treatment

‘Metacam’, containing the active ingredient meloxicam, is licensed for the treatment of osteoarthritis in cats. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which helps to relieve the pain and inflammation associated with the condition. Your vet may suggest a blood or urine sample before starting this treatment, as it is not recommended if your cat is suffering from certain common geriatric conditions, such as kidney disease. If Metacam cannot be used your vet can discuss possible alternatives for management of the condition.

• Joint supplements and diet

 Weight control is important in cats with osteoarthritis in order to avoid exacerbating the condition. Specific diets, such as Hill’s prescription diet j/d, are available for cats with osteoarthritis, which are not only designed to control weight but promote cartilage health.

Supplements are also available for cats to help maintain joint mobility. Seraquin is a palatable tablet designed specifically for use in dogs and cats, containing glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin and curcumin. This unique combination of quality ingredients is designed to help maintain normal function in joints and tendons. Seraquin can be used alone or alongside prescription medications where necessary.

• Management at home

Some adjustments at home can help to keep your cat more comfortable:

•    Provide soft comfy beds in accessible, draft free environments
•    Help your cat access higher sites with ramps, steps or furniture
•    Leave food and water within easy reach
•    Control weight
•    Provide litter trays, with lower sides if required
•    Encourage activity with gentle games
•    Clip overgrown claws and groom gently